Confused pairs
Incorrect answers between two species (undirected). With a country selected, only mix-ups from games in that country are counted, and only pairs where both species are on that country's checklist are shown.
| Species A (lower id) | Species B (higher id) | Total wrong | A was target → picked B | B was target → picked A |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lesser Grey Shrike Lanius minor | Chinese Grey Shrike Lanius sphenocercus | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Sand Martin Riparia riparia | Pale Martin Riparia diluta | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Saunders's Gull Saundersilarus saundersi | Bonaparte's Gull Chroicocephalus philadelphia | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Calandra Lark Melanocorypha calandra | Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Eurasian Skylark Alauda arvensis | Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Little Crake Zapornia parva | Baillon's Crake Zapornia pusilla | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Little Egret Egretta garzetta | Great White Egret Ardea alba | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe | Isabelline Wheatear Oenanthe isabellina | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Dark-sided Flycatcher Muscicapa sibirica | Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Tiger Shrike Lanius tigrinus | Brown Shrike Lanius cristatus | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Rough-legged Buzzard Buteo lagopus | Eastern Buzzard Buteo japonicus | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Asian Rosy-Finch Leucosticte arctoa | Grey-crowned Rosy-Finch Leucosticte tephrocotis | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator | Scaly-sided Merganser Mergus squamatus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Willow Ptarmigan Lagopus lagopus | Rock Ptarmigan Lagopus muta | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Willow Ptarmigan Lagopus lagopus | Caucasian Grouse Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Western Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus | Grey Partridge Perdix perdix | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Caucasian Grouse Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi | Grey Partridge Perdix perdix | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Daurian Partridge Perdix dauurica | Altai Snowcock Tetraogallus altaicus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Common Pheasant Phasianus colchicus | Japanese Quail Coturnix japonica | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis | Red-necked Grebe Podiceps grisegena | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Red-necked Grebe Podiceps grisegena | Black-necked Grebe Podiceps nigricollis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Rock Dove Columba livia | European Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Stock Dove Columba oenas | Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Woodpigeon Columba palumbus | Calandra Lark Melanocorypha calandra | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Northern Hawk-Cuckoo Hierococcyx hyperythrus | Oriental Cuckoo Cuculus optatus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| White-throated Needletail Hirundapus caudacutus | Common Swift Apus apus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Swift Apus apus | Pacific Swift Apus pacificus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Water Rail Rallus aquaticus | Brown-cheeked Rail Rallus indicus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Water Rail Rallus aquaticus | Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Ruddy-breasted Crake Zapornia fusca | Band-bellied Crake Zapornia paykullii | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Ruddy-breasted Crake Zapornia fusca | Swinhoe's Rail Coturnicops exquisitus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Demoiselle Crane Grus virgo | Sandhill Crane Antigone canadensis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Eurasian Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus | Common Magpie Pica pica | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| American Golden Plover Pluvialis dominica | Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Eurasian Dotterel Eudromias morinellus | Little Ringed Plover Thinornis dubius | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus | Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus | Rough-legged Buzzard Buteo lagopus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus | Eurasian Skylark Alauda arvensis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| White-tailed Lapwing Vanellus leucurus | Greater Sand Plover Anarhynchus leschenaultii | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Siberian Sand Plover Anarhynchus mongolus | Greater Sand Plover Anarhynchus leschenaultii | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Great Snipe Gallinago media | Latham's Snipe Gallinago hardwickii | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Pin-tailed Snipe Gallinago stenura | Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago | Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus | Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Redshank Tringa totanus | Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris | Red Knot Calidris canutus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Ruff Calidris pugnax | Common Buzzard Buteo buteo | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Rock Sandpiper Calidris ptilocnemis | Least Sandpiper Calidris minutilla | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Black-winged Pratincole Glareola nordmanni | South Polar Skua Stercorarius maccormicki | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| South Polar Skua Stercorarius maccormicki | Horned Puffin Fratercula corniculata | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Atlantic Puffin Fratercula arctica | Horned Puffin Fratercula corniculata | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Whiskered Auklet Aethia pygmaea | Parakeet Auklet Aethia psittacula | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Parakeet Auklet Aethia psittacula | Long-billed Murrelet Brachyramphus perdix | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Little Auk Alle alle | Common Guillemot Uria aalge | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Sabine's Gull Xema sabini | Saunders's Gull Saundersilarus saundersi | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Bonaparte's Gull Chroicocephalus philadelphia | Pallas's Gull Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Relict Gull Ichthyaetus relictus | Common Gull Larus canus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus | Slaty-backed Gull Larus schistisagus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Glaucous-winged Gull Larus glaucescens | Slaty-backed Gull Larus schistisagus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica | Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida | White-winged Black Tern Chlidonias leucopterus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Black Tern Chlidonias niger | Arctic Tern Sterna paradisaea | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| White-winged Black Tern Chlidonias leucopterus | Arctic Tern Sterna paradisaea | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Sandwich Tern Thalasseus sandvicensis | Red-throated Diver Gavia stellata | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Pacific Diver Gavia pacifica | Black-footed Albatross Phoebastria nigripes | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Black-footed Albatross Phoebastria nigripes | Short-tailed Albatross Phoebastria albatrus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Mottled Petrel Pterodroma inexpectata | Flesh-footed Shearwater Ardenna carneipes | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Bonin Petrel Pterodroma hypoleuca | Streaked Shearwater Calonectris leucomelas | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Great Frigatebird Fregata minor | Brown Booby Sula leucogaster | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Red-faced Cormorant Urile urile | European Shag Gulosus aristotelis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo | Great White Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Great White Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus | Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Chinese Egret Egretta eulophotes | Little Egret Egretta garzetta | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Little Egret Egretta garzetta | Eastern Cattle-Egret Ardea coromanda | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Grey Heron Ardea cinerea | Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| European Honey-buzzard Pernis apivorus | Crested Honey-buzzard Pernis ptilorhynchus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Pied Harrier Circus melanoleucos | Chinese Sparrowhawk Tachyspiza soloensis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Eurasian Goshawk Astur gentilis | Steller's Sea-Eagle Haliaeetus pelagicus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Steller's Sea-Eagle Haliaeetus pelagicus | White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Rough-legged Buzzard Buteo lagopus | Common Buzzard Buteo buteo | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Buzzard Buteo buteo | Calandra Lark Melanocorypha calandra | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Tawny Owl Strix aluco | Ural Owl Strix uralensis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Ural Owl Strix uralensis | Long-eared Owl Asio otus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis | Blue-cheeked Bee-eater Merops persicus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| European Bee-eater Merops apiaster | Calandra Lark Melanocorypha calandra | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| European Bee-eater Merops apiaster | Eurasian Skylark Alauda arvensis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Eurasian Wryneck Jynx torquilla | Japanese Pygmy Woodpecker Yungipicus kizuki | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Grey-capped Pygmy Woodpecker Yungipicus canicapillus | Japanese Pygmy Woodpecker Yungipicus kizuki | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Rufous-bellied Woodpecker Dendrocopos hyperythrus | Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni | Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus | Merlin Falco columbarius | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Merlin Falco columbarius | Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Saker Falcon Falco cherrug | Gyr Falcon Falco rusticolus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Ashy Drongo Dicrurus leucophaeus | Bull-headed Shrike Lanius bucephalus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Amur Paradise-Flycatcher Terpsiphone incei | Tiger Shrike Lanius tigrinus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Bull-headed Shrike Lanius bucephalus | Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Turkestan Shrike Lanius phoenicuroides | Brown Shrike Lanius cristatus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Isabelline Shrike Lanius isabellinus | Chinese Grey Shrike Lanius sphenocercus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Great Grey Shrike Lanius excubitor | Chinese Grey Shrike Lanius sphenocercus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Lesser Grey Shrike Lanius minor | Woodchat Shrike Lanius senator | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Chinese Grey Shrike Lanius sphenocercus | Woodchat Shrike Lanius senator | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Daurian Jackdaw Coloeus dauuricus | Hooded Crow Corvus cornix | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Large-billed Crow Corvus macrorhynchos | Common Raven Corvus corax | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Varied Tit Sittiparus varius | Willow Tit Poecile montanus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Willow Tit Poecile montanus | Rufous-tailed Scrub Robin Cercotrichas galactotes | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Mongolian Short-toed Lark Calandrella dukhunensis | Calandra Lark Melanocorypha calandra | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Mongolian Short-toed Lark Calandrella dukhunensis | Mongolian Lark Melanocorypha mongolica | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Calandra Lark Melanocorypha calandra | Eurasian Skylark Alauda arvensis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Thick-billed Warbler Arundinax aedon | Eastern Olivaceous Warbler Iduna pallida | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Black-browed Reed Warbler Acrocephalus bistrigiceps | Moustached Warbler Acrocephalus melanopogon | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Marsh Warbler Acrocephalus palustris | Common Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Common Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus | Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Lanceolated Warbler Locustella lanceolata | Common Grasshopper Warbler Locustella naevia | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Pale Martin Riparia diluta | Western House Martin Delichon urbicum | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Radde's Warbler Phylloscopus schwarzi | Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Dusky Warbler Phylloscopus fuscatus | Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus | Mountain Chiffchaff Phylloscopus sindianus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita | Two-barred Warbler Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Greenish Warbler Phylloscopus trochiloides | Sakhalin Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus borealoides | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Sakhalin Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus borealoides | Asian Stubtail Urosphena squameiceps | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Eurasian Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla | Asian Desert Warbler Curruca nana | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Snowy-browed Nuthatch Sitta villosa | Siberian Nuthatch Sitta arctica | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Eurasian Nuthatch Sitta europaea | Eurasian Treecreeper Certhia familiaris | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Pacific Wren Troglodytes pacificus | White-throated Rock Thrush Monticola gularis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Rose-coloured Starling Pastor roseus | White-cheeked Starling Spodiopsar cineraceus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| White's Thrush Zoothera aurea | Mistle Thrush Turdus viscivorus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Grey-backed Thrush Turdus hortulorum | Eyebrowed Thrush Turdus obscurus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Red-throated Thrush Turdus ruficollis | Naumann's Thrush Turdus naumanni | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Rufous-tailed Scrub Robin Cercotrichas galactotes | Rufous-tailed Robin Larvivora sibilans | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Siberian Rubythroat Calliope calliope | Yellow-rumped Flycatcher Ficedula zanthopygia | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Yellow-rumped Flycatcher Ficedula zanthopygia | Narcissus Flycatcher Ficedula narcissina | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Mugimaki Flycatcher Ficedula mugimaki | Semicollared Flycatcher Ficedula semitorquata | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros | White-throated Rock Thrush Monticola gularis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Daurian Redstart Phoenicurus auroreus | Common Rock Thrush Monticola saxatilis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| European Stonechat Saxicola rubicola | Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Siberian Stonechat Saxicola maurus | Amur Stonechat Saxicola stejnegeri | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Amur Stonechat Saxicola stejnegeri | Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe | Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Isabelline Wheatear Oenanthe isabellina | Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Isabelline Wheatear Oenanthe isabellina | Pied Wheatear Oenanthe pleschanka | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Eastern Black-eared Wheatear Oenanthe melanoleuca | Black-faced Bunting Emberiza spodocephala | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Bohemian Waxwing Bombycilla garrulus | Corn Bunting Emberiza calandra | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Altai Accentor Prunella himalayana | Siberian Accentor Prunella montanella | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Brown Accentor Prunella fulvescens | Japanese Accentor Prunella rubida | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Rock Sparrow Petronia petronia | White-winged Snowfinch Montifringilla nivalis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Western Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava | Eastern Yellow Wagtail Motacilla tschutschensis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Blyth's Pipit Anthus godlewskii | Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis | Pechora Pipit Anthus gustavi | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Olive-backed Pipit Anthus hodgsoni | Red-throated Pipit Anthus cervinus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Mongolian Finch Bucanetes mongolicus | Plain Mountain Finch Leucosticte nemoricola | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Grey-crowned Rosy-Finch Leucosticte tephrocotis | Common Linnet Linaria cannabina | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Twite Linaria flavirostris | Common Redpoll Acanthis flammea | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Arctic Redpoll Acanthis hornemanni | Two-barred Crossbill Loxia leucoptera | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Two-barred Crossbill Loxia leucoptera | European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Chestnut-eared Bunting Emberiza fucata | Meadow Bunting Emberiza cioides | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Godlewski's Bunting Emberiza godlewskii | Meadow Bunting Emberiza cioides | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Meadow Bunting Emberiza cioides | Pine Bunting Emberiza leucocephalos | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Meadow Bunting Emberiza cioides | Grey-necked Bunting Emberiza buchanani | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Yellow-throated Bunting Emberiza elegans | Pallas's Reed Bunting Emberiza pallasi | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Ochre-rumped Bunting Emberiza yessoensis | Pallas's Reed Bunting Emberiza pallasi | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Rustic Bunting Emberiza rustica | Black-faced Bunting Emberiza spodocephala | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Emperor Goose Anser canagicus | Greylag Goose Anser anser | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Black-faced Bunting Emberiza spodocephala | Chestnut Bunting Emberiza rutila | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Taiga Bean Goose Anser fabalis | Tundra Bean Goose Anser serrirostris | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Mute Swan Cygnus olor | Bewick's Swan Cygnus columbianus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Northern Shoveler Spatula clypeata | Gadwall Mareca strepera | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Baer's Pochard Aythya baeri | Steller's Eider Polysticta stelleri | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Steller's Eider Polysticta stelleri | Harlequin Duck Histrionicus histrionicus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Steller's Eider Polysticta stelleri | Common Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| King Eider Somateria spectabilis | Harlequin Duck Histrionicus histrionicus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Stejneger's Scoter Melanitta stejnegeri | Black Scoter Melanitta americana | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Scoter Melanitta nigra | Ruff Calidris pugnax | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Common Scoter Melanitta nigra | Eurasian Skylark Alauda arvensis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Barrow's Goldeneye Bucephala islandica | Goosander Mergus merganser | 1 | 1 | 0 |